Thursday, August 27, 2020

Primary Source Analysis the French Revolution and Human Rights Free Essays

Maybe one of the most novel times in world history was the Enlightenment, a timespan in which learned people like Voltaire, Adam Smith and Denis Diderot â€Å"Observed with phenomenal keenness the shades of malice and blemishes of human culture in their day† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, March and, and, 621) and looked to change the perspective of their age both socially and strategically. Those educated people accepted that by sharing a goal to spread information, human decisions could oppose obliviousness. Today, the standards of those Enlightenment scholars have become the establishment of many, if not every single human culture. We will compose a custom exposition test on Essential Source Analysis: the French Revolution and Human Rights or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now The Enlightenment greatly affected the world, particularly on Europeans who were standard to old acts of fixed social pecking orders, in which the ruler held supreme force. The information picked up from this scholarly development realized numerous adjustments in the public eye. Minority gatherings, for example, ladies â€Å"gained trust in their own worthinessâ€to make craftsmanship, to compose books, to watch the world precisely, and maybe even standard their states† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, and, 619). The Enlightenment additionally made ready for a more current methodology towards the idea of human rights. People were conceded sure individual rights known as their â€Å"natural rights† that was consistently helpful by law. Prior to the French Revolution, European societies were limited by â€Å"two significant organizations: the Catholic and Protestant houses of worship and the dynastic court systems† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 617) where individual rights were given dependent on social statuses. The Enlightenment impacted the idea of human rights in France in that society had a superior consciousness of their reality, which added to the development of social aspirations, for example, ladies shaping political clubs to banter for social and political uniformity. Conventional administering thoughts were bit by bit supplanted by new overseeing dreams to ensure the regular privileges of residents over the king’s authority. For example, earlier â€Å"traditional Christian faith in unique sin and God’s strange alterations with common powers and human events† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 617) were deserted. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens was likewise settled, which helped changed the social and political structure of the nation. Also, and maybe the most impact the Enlightenment had on the idea of human rights in France was that it gave â€Å"freedom of religion, opportunity of the press, no tax imposition without any political benefit, end of over the top disciplines, and different protections against subjective administration† (Hunt, 77). Having been extraordinarily affected by the American War of Independence, â€Å"French officials who served in North America showed up home terminated by the standards of freedom that they found in real life in the New World† (Hunt, 13). French agents met in 1789 with sacred standards embraced from Americans like Thomas Jefferson and George Mason, setting up the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens with an end goal to drive the â€Å"ideas of rights and freedoms in a progressively universalistic direction† (Hunt, 13). A progressively Universalistic heading essentially implied supplanting beliefs of the old request with information picked up from the Enlightenment. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens enabled every French resident with secured freedoms and conceded all men correspondence under the law. It additionally proclaimed that the premise of all power rests in particular in the country. Moreover, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens award these rights, however â€Å"trumpeted singular rights, the standard of equity and associated all the more intently the idea of the individuals with the nation† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 647). Clearly the archive had extraordinary hugeness. Before the revelation, political and social circumstances brought up issues that were frequently left unanswered, for the most part starting strains among government and society. France’s government depended on the old request, a government framework where feudalism was rehearsed and noble qualities were fundamental. Under such framework, â€Å"legitimacy relied upon the king’s will and support of a noteworthy request that allowed benefits as indicated by positions and status† (Hunt, 15). The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens allowed all individuals of the French society balance under the law, yet the substance of those â€Å"true, basic regular privileges of humanity† stayed unclear (Hunt, 6). A few national congregations were held, yet not one of them recognized women’s political rights. Or maybe, those gatherings evaded conceding ladies equivalent political rights. Ladies were as yet illegal â€Å"the rights to meet as a gathering, draft complaints, or vote† (Hunt, 60). Accordingly, ladies, impacted by the announcement, bantered for explicit rights when â€Å"they saw the opening made by the meeting of the Estates General and wanted to make their cases for consideration in the guaranteed reform† (Hunt, 60). Somewhere in the range of 1790 and 1791, individuals from a gathering called Cercle Social, framed by fomented sign, battled for equivalent political rights. Their battle uncovered oppression ladies that denied them equivalent rights in marriage and training. In that equivalent year (1791), female dissident Marie Olympe De Gouges gave the Declaration of the Rights of ladies with an end goal to demonstrate that ladies had been rejected from the gua rantees of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. In her presentation, she mentioned that â€Å"The law ought to be the general will. All citizenesses and residents should take part†¦in its development. It must be the equivalent for everybody. All citizenesses and residents, being equivalent in its eyes, ought to be similarly permissible to every single open pride, workplaces and employments† (Hunt, 27). She contended that ladies and men were brought into the world equivalent in rights. Subsequently, ladies ought to have every one of those rights that a man appreciates, for example, holding open workplaces. Nonetheless, these activities of the Parisian ladies before long expanded the National Convention’s pessimism towards ladies and their privileges. From October 29-30, 1793, the National Convention had a conversation about women’s political clubs and canceled all women’s clubs. They asserted that ladies were â€Å"hardly equipped for grandiose originations and cogitations† in light of the fact that â€Å"their body and social job made them unsuited for open affairs† (Hunt, 29). However, they felt compromised by women’s composed political exercises. The Age of Enlightenment altogether changed the basics of European societies, and French society during the eighteenth century. It removed them from their ceremonies of the old system where government was overwhelmed by government. It figured thoughts on how the places of worship and the dynastic court frameworks could be changed. The Enlightenment additionally impacted the foundation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. Notwithstanding, major inquiries concerning rights particularly that of ladies, stayed unanswered. The announcement did little to change the sub-par status of ladies. â€Å"None of the national congregations at any point considered enactment conceding political rights to ladies (who could neither vote nor hold office), and on a couple of events on which the chance emerged, anyway probably, the representatives welcomed it with far reaching scorn and incredulity† (Hunt, 27). Step by step instructions to refer to Primary Source Analysis: the French Revolution and Human Rights, Papers

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Sontrary to popular belief, a natural emotion or feeling Essay

What is trouble? Misery is, in opposition to mainstream thinking, a characteristic feeling or feeling. Individuals feel misery at whatever point they lose something that they recently delighted in, for example, somebody they adored, or something as basic as a plush toy. This specific feeling is in reality bravo. It offers alleviation from the agony of the misfortune and it gives you some proportion of the significance of what you’ve lost. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury endeavors to make a general public that lives without pity. He tries to give everybody joy by disposing of contention and imbalance. Be that as it may, what the general public didn't perceive was the estimation of this bleak feeling. Fellow Montag, the focal character in the book, has figured out how to fit in with that the general public he lives in is so extremely inflexible and standard. Our Service Can Write a Custom Essay on Sadness for You! Anyway he in the long run understands that the general public he lives in isn't reasonable for a glad life. While trying to cement bliss, society got dehumanized through its relinquishment of human intuition, which amusingly made society become anesthetized. In the different endeavors to annul sorrow by the disposal of writing, all feelings in the public eye were obliterated. Previously, the general public had the option to understand books, and in this manner had no motivation to consume them. Hence houses were not flame resistant, and thusly Clarise suggests the way that fire fighters used to extinguish fires, not start them. (8.) Thus demonstrating that at one point in this general public, books were acknowledged and afterward in the end were restricted. While instruction doesn’t appear to be a terrible characteristic, it made disparity, which made individuals troubled. So as to clarify the abolishment of books, Beatty communicated to Montag, Technology, mass misuse, and minority pressure conveyed the stunt, express gratitude toward God. Today, because of them, you can remain upbeat all the timeð•ð ¤ (58). As Beatty clarified, the administration used innovation, mass abuse, and minority strain to take out trouble. One guide to validate the announcement made by Beatty would be the utilization of the dog. The administration utilized the dog so as to discover and annihilate books, which would, as indicated by their general public, make equity and harmony. They accepted that the end of books would take care of everyone’s issues, and as a substitute for books utilized controlled innovation. Since there were no scholarly individuals, there would not be contention over the clarifications of thoughts, or thoughts themselves. Nonetheless, what he didn't represent was the way that without thought, there was no feeling, and hence no joy or pity. Joy and trouble transaction off of one another, there can't be bliss without something to differentiate it to. Accordingly, in the endeavor to fulfill everybody by killing writing, a definitive result was a general public that was basically all robots. These â€Å"robots† were unequipped for fathoming individual history, and in this way had no feeling of the took a break. The hypothesis behind decimating a feeling of time was that in the event that nobody were to get a handle on schedule, at that point they would, in addition to other things, have no attention to maturing, and everybody would be cheerful. Be that as it may, surprisingly in doing so individuals were distraught nor tragic, just impassive. In the discussion among Montag and Mildred the morning after the difficulty with Mildred’s blood cleaning, Mildred can't recall the occasions of the previous night and in this manner questions, â€Å"Last night-What about last night?† (19). Mildred had no memory of time or of past occasions and thusly nobody knows whether Mildred was miserable or just couldn’t recollect. The endeavor to kill misery didn't work, in light of the fact that since she couldn’t recall that anything in the past she couldn ’t recollect the awful things, yet she likewise couldn’t recall the cheerful occasions. The two in this way killed themselves between the upbeat and the miserable causing Mildred to be detached or even once in a while discouraged. It is very difficult to carry on with a glad life when you can’t recollect any of the past upbeat minutes in light of the dehumanization dazzled onto society. Tragically, this dehumanization made individuals much increasingly discouraged, on the grounds that it could cause them physical mischief, also it could cause them enthusiastic damage since they will most likely be unable to recall glad minutes. The preeminent outcome of the motorization of society was that the emotions about existence and passing turned out to be more depersonalized. To many, demise is an exceptionally close to home and passionate occasion. Opposite, however, in Montag’s society, passing was totally depersonalized. Individuals infrequently were influenced by death, in any case, simply proceeded with their standard life since they accepted that passing was simply one more â€Å"thing† that occurred throughout everyday life. While depersonalizing passing, the expectation was to dispense with the misery that accompanied it, and hence fulfill everybody. While it eliminated the bitterness, it additionally dispensed with the satisfaction that accompanied life. Individuals had no motivation to esteem life, since they accepted didn’t consider the chance of dieing, since it was such a minor piece of life. While examining the possibility of death, and looking further, it is basically a summit of life. In any case, since the residents couldn't recall life, the possibility of death was changed. In their psyches they lived for one minute, and along these lines when somebody kicked the bucket, nothing basically passed on the grounds that nothing basically lived. Mildred explains the philosophy of society by communicating her sentiments about the lady Montag killed. â€Å"She’s nothing to me; she shouldn’t have had books. It was her obligation, she should’ve thought of that.† (51). Mildred wasn’t at all worried that someone’s life was simply taken, she was worried that Montag was wiped out as a result of her. This plainly outlines the belief system of society in that nobody thought about death, it wa sn’t glad nor was it an especially miserable time. So at long last, since nobody comprehended that passing was really a disastrous occasion, nobody in this way treasured life and lived nonchalantly, disturbed nor tragic. Inevitably Montag handles the way that his general public is incredibly degenerate because of the automation and dehumanization. There are different causes, which lead to the destruction of an ordinary society, and lead to the general public predominant in F451, which depends on innovation and relinquishes human intuition. Accordingly, the residents have become non-undermining, non-fascinating people who can be effortlessly driven and controlled through dread. The plan was to wipe out pity however the final product were people with positively no feelings.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Student Research and Thesis Help Are Key

Student Research and Thesis Help Are KeyStudent research, thesis help and scholarly communication are all important to academe. It is important for the success of the student as it is for the success of their course of study. However, it is necessary that students be able to attain the success they have been striving for. Studying hard will help them achieve this.Thesis Assistance: Student research is one of the more challenging assignments to complete. This makes it necessary that a student's thesis would be delivered in an exemplary manner. They must have the opportunity to be reviewed on their findings and changes made. This helps give a student the impression that their thesis is on their roadmap to success and prepares them for their next assignment and level of learning.Student Assemblies: Scholarship requirements often require that a student set a goal or study subject prior to graduation. This is very helpful to the student to note any weak areas they might need help with. In doing so, the student is helping themselves to attain their full potential as a student.Comprehensive Research: It is crucial that the student be able to document their work. This is to ensure that they are able to present the work they have accomplished and receive credit accordingly. This can also help to pave the way to their chosen career path.Assessments: Scholarship requirements often include an essay or even a scholarly journal. Students will need to have this done to gain credit. Once again, this helps make them feel as if they are getting the benefit out of all the hard work they have put into the project.Discussion Boards: Discussion boards are a great place for students to share and understand their peers' work. It gives them a chance to communicate with other students in a public forum. This is important as it gives them an opportunity to ask questions or provide constructive criticism to other students' work.Of course, thesis projects often require the student to bring in outside help. This is a good way to show the support of their faculty or the school in the form of a professional. The outside help of an outside professional will also prove to the rest of the faculty and students in their school that the student is willing to cooperate in order to finish the project.These are just a few of the various different research papers that a student could have to write and all of them are necessary for a student to achieve their goal of being a successful student. It is important that they be able to set goals and get help from those professionals who are going to help them meet those goals.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Rhetorical Analysis Of Disneys Frozen - 1219 Words

Rhetorical Analysis: Disney’s Frozen Walt Disney Productions prestige is to never disappoint and their latest movie Frozen, is no exception. The movie centers around the lives of two sisters, kind-hearted Anna and the frightened Snow Queen Elsa. Fearless Anna sets off on a journey to find her sister, who flees to an icy mountain after she accidentally traps the kingdom of Arendelle in an eternal winter with her ice powers. Disney’s 2013 animated film reeled in its target audience and more; the film intended to appeal to children’s of all ages surprisingly enough enticed a wider audience largely comprised of non-families. Disney’s reputation for promoting happiness and the well-being of American families led to the direct success of the movie Frozen. The film met its purpose, depicting a touching storyline – showing the importance of family and undermining the traditional concept of â€Å"true love.† Furthermore, Walt Disney Productions established sufficient credibility within its view ers and audience with the use of artistic proofs such as; ethos, logos, and pathos. Disney’s tradition is to provide the audience with an educational piece of entertainment, Frozen is undeniably one of those Disney animated films worth seeing. Walt Disney Productions strategic use of rhetoric made it evident that the movie was going to be an all-time hit – some may even say â€Å"the biggest children’s film of all time† – simply because it was just that, a Disney movie. Frozen became the heart melting,Show MoreRelatedReed Supermarket Case32354 Words   |  130 Pagesa cult icon 2.3 Video case study: TOMS Shoes Questions for discussion References viii CONTENTS 3 Internationalization theories Learning objectives 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Uppsala internationalization model 3.3 The transaction cost analysis model 3.4 The network model 3.5 Internationalization of SMEs 3.6 Born globals 3.7 Internationalization of services 3.8 Summary Case studies 3.1 Cryos: they keep the stork busy around the world 3.2 Classic Media: internationalization of Postman PatRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Exposure of the Accounting Profession to Increasing Liability

|Francis Marion University | |Exposure of the Accounting Profession To Increasing Liability | |Response of the Profession | | | | Kim Taylor | |4/30/2010†¦show more content†¦The purpose of this endeavor was to examine the current status of the accounting profession, envision a more favorable future situation, and then determine the necessary strategy to follow in attaining this. The consensus of the committee was that the expectations from audits were too high. They went on to elaborate on the lack of precision and exactness of financial statements and that the public was demanding a degree of certainty in their audits that could not be achieved. This has historically been labeled the â€Å"expectations gap† They concluded that although auditors were not totally responsible for the scandals in 2000 and beyond, â€Å"all too many independent auditors lost their autonomy and judgment- and ended by blurring the line between right and wrong.† They described the audit as becoming a â€Å"commodity with little intrinsic value,† used to facilitate management’s objective of releasing misleading financial statements. , and concluded that accounting self-regulation had failed in these instances. They also expressed concern about auditing practices of the Big Four. They said that firms such as these fail to effectively use their resources since experienced auditors often are not on the job site where they are most needed to detectShow MoreRelatedHistorical Development Of Fair Value Measurement1400 Words   |  6 Pagesentities should determine the fair value of financial instruments for reporting purposes. This paper discusses the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Exposure Draft issued on December 3, 2015 which proposed amendments to Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements. The paper analyzes some of the key points of the exposure draft, among other things, the history and development the concept of fair value management, the necessity of the amendmentsRead MorePrincipal vs Rule Based Accounting1733 Words   |  7 PagesAn Insight on IFRS versus U.S GAAP amp; Implications of IFRS adoption on Fi nancial Statement and Accounting Quality Q2) Principle and rule-based accounting reflect different approaches to accounting. The pros and cons of rule-based accounting (RBA) and principle-based accounting (PBA) are as discussed. (1) RBA deters creative accounting as rules reduce opportunistic discretion unlike PBA which is more subjective and ambiguous.On the other hand, others argue that rules are a means to circumventRead MoreCorporate Fraud Has Taken The World By Storm For Over The Past Decade1479 Words   |  6 Pageshappened in 2001 and 2002 and since then fraud seems to be more and more common around the world. According to Forbes.com (n.d) the biggest fraud cases to ever occur was Enron, Bernard Madoff, Lehman Brothers, and Cendant, with Enron being the largest accounting scandal to ever take place. Prior to Enron’s fraud scandal coming to light in 2001, they were the seventh largest company in the United States by revenue, this was the same year Enron filed bankruptcy (da Silveira, 2013, p. 315). In additionRead MoreIssues in Auditing2174 Words   |  9 Pageswhether all the information provided to the users of accounts are true and fair. Audit is, therefore, an examination of accounting records undertaken with a view to establishing whether they correctly and completely reflect the transactions. Most importantly, an external audit tests whether or not a company is adhering to professional standards and generally acceptable accounting principles and holds a true and fair view. Auditing is an assurance provided by an independent third party to the StakeholdersRead MorePrivate Sector vs Public Sector Accounting3812 Words   |  16 PagesPRIVATE SECTOR VS PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING STANDARD 1. INTRODUCTION The global financial crisis has demonstrated that the public sector as well as the private sector needs the highest quality accounting standards. Around the world, accounting in the public sector is practiced in diverse ways and struggles to achieve comparable standard in accountability and transparency. The Securities Act of 1933 gave the commission the authority to prescribe accounting standards to be followed by the companiesRead MoreQuestions On Historical Criticisms Of Derivatives Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Derivatives tend to be an intricate topic in accounting. So to begin, a very basic understanding of a derivative is that they are a binding contract between two or more parties. The contract is for a future transaction of some underlying financial asset. The purpose for companies to implement derivatives are to aid them in managing risk by using a type of financial forwards, futures, options, or swaps. For example, a forward contract is when Company A believes Company B’s stock priceRead MoreAudit Disaster Futures: Antidotes for the Expectation Gap8505 Words   |  35 Pagesfutures: antidotes for the expectation gap? Fran M. Wolf Associate Professor, Youngstown State University, Department of Accounting and Finance, Youngstown, Ohio, USA James A. Tackett Professor, Youngstown State University, Department of Accounting and Finance, Youngstown, Ohio, USA Gregory A. Claypool Associate Professor, Youngstown State University, Department of Accounting and Finance, Youngstown, Ohio, USA Keywords Expectation gap, Audit failure, Audit futures, Market-based measures Introduction Read MoreRatio Analysis Financial Accounting3622 Words   |  15 PagesFinancial Accounting and Reporting – Ratio Analysis The following five-year summary relates to VKM Ltd, and is based on financial statements prepared under the historical cost convention. Financial Ratios 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 Profitability Margin Trading Profit Revenue % 7.8 7.5 7.0 7.2 7.3 Return on Assets Trading Profit Net Operating Assets % 16.3 17.6 16.2 18.2 18.3 Interest Dividend Cover Interest cover Trading Profit Net Finance Charges times 2.9 4.8 5.1 6.5 3.6 DividendRead MoreFred Stern Company, Inc.2290 Words   |  10 Pagesoperations. In 1924, Fred Stern Co. approached a finance company named Ultramares Corporation for a loan of $100,000. Before accepting the terms, Ultramares Corp. requested an audited balance sheet to serve as support for the loan. A well-respected accounting firm named Touche, Niven Co. had provided assurance for their statement a few months earlier, which allowed the deal to go through. The following year, in January 1925, Fred Stern Co. filed for bankruptcy and Ultramares Corporation found itselfRead MoreDhjsj14297 Words   |  58 Pagesis unclear, however, is whether auditing was sufficiently â€Å"broken† in the first place to warrant the radical reforms and changes effected by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). Despite a relatively small number of high profile corporate failures and accounting scandals such as Enron and WorldCom, the number of demonstrated audit failures as evidenced by successful li tigation or SEC sanctions approaches an annual failure rate of close to zero. In addition, our interpretation of the academic research suggests

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Edict Of Milan As A Form Of Betrayal - 882 Words

The Edict of Milan was an order given by Emperor Constantine of the Roman Empire in the year 313. This order marked the acceptance for the Christian faith within the Roman Empire after decades of persecution. Its issuance led to Christianity becoming the dominant faith in the Roman Empire, as well as the most widely practiced religion in the world today. Unfortunately the end of the persecution of Christians was cause for the persecution of pagans, resulting in cultural, political, and scientific changes. The authors of Civilizations Past Present state that before the Edict of Milan, Rome was tolerant of other religions so long as they did not threaten the empire. Christianity, however, was regarded as dangerous to the social order and the empire itself. This is because the empire worshipped gods which were not included in the Christian faith (a monotheistic system of belief). Roman officials considered Christians’ refusal to sacrifice to Roman gods as a form of betrayal. Add itionally, Christians secluded themselves from the citizens of other faiths and denied their religions, claiming they were illegitimate. They were pacifistic individuals, refused to join the army and refused to attend events their faith decreed sinful. In the years from 23 February of AD 303 to 311, Emperor Diocletian banned Christianity throughout Rome and began the worst known persecution of its followers, condemning those who refused to sacrifice to the Roman godsShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesbusiness and club activities, there would be three divisions: an international arm, encompassing radio, touring and record compilation; a brand division, focused on retail, product licensing and the Ministry website; and a marketing division, aiming to form long-term relationships with brands such as Philips and Bacardi. Rodol denied that the reorganisation was motivated by simple cost considerations, and underlined its importance for movi ng the brand forward towards long-term goals. Central would be

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Arthur Bruce McDonald Essay Example For Students

Arthur Bruce McDonald Essay Arthur Macdonald is a Canadian astrophysicist. Born August 29, 1943 in Sydney, Nova Scotia, he obtained his Master of Science degree from Dalhousie University in 1964 and shortly after received a PhD from the California Institute of technology. He is currently the director of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Institute. He is most famous for proving neutrinos have mass. He did this by showing experimentally that they oscillate between different types of neutrinos (electron, muon and tau). After knowing that neutrinos oscillate though different types it is easy to show that they have mass: If they didnt the neutrinos would travel at the speed of light and wouldnt experience time (according to relativity). If this was true they wouldnt be able to oscillate between states, therefore they must have mass. He did this work in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, a facility located 2.1 km underground made to solve the solar neutrino problem, which it did. The results he obtained from working th ere were of 5 significance meaning a chance of statistical error are smaller than 1 in a 1 000 000. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2015 for that work (it was shared with Professor Takaaki Kajita). His contribution to society was the advancement of human knowledge, doing science for the sake of science itself. In hisown words We are very satisfied that we have been able to add to worlds knowledge at a very fundamental level.He now holds theGordon and Patricia Gray Chair in Particle Astrophysicsin Queens University.

Tuesday, April 7, 2020

Sprite free essay sample

: # 8220 ; Image Is Everything? Essay, Research Paper # 8220 ; Image is Everything # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Thirst is Everything, Image is Nothing # 8221 ; we have all seen this motto slapped on to every one of Sprite # 8217 ; s merchandises for last twosome of months. But what does it intend? Does it intend that person at a Pepsi convention should order a Sprite, a Coke merchandise, merely cause they like the gustatory sensation? Of class non, do if they did they would acquire kicked out at the really least. Advertisers use this kind of motto to catch your attending, and so they have you right where they want. In the most recent Sprite commercials that characteristic Grant Hill of the Detroit Pistons, they show us that the ground why we would hold a Sprite is merely for the gustatory sensation of it. But if this was all they are seeking to acquire across to us wouldn # 8217 ; t it be cheaper and wiser to utilize a 6 dollar per hr child instead than a cat that won # 8217 ; t measure pes in a topographic point for less that a 100 expansive. We will write a custom essay sample on Sprite or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why would they do a commercial that contradicts itself? The ground an advertizement would belie itself like this is for one ground merely, to seek and gull our wants and desires into going our demands. Our demands are merely something that is a necessity for us to last, such as nutrient and H2O. We all know we couldn # 8217 ; t travel long without these simple yet indispensable things. While our wants and desires for things such as five star eating houses and luxury autos. Which by no agencies are needed to last, but merely do populating all the more merriment. Advertisers are Masterss on how to work our desires, and to do us believe that they are our demands. And it is by no agency is this easy or inexpensive for a commercial to be able to make. To be able to do us believe that our life would, in some manner, be better with this merchandise by our side. Sprite # 8217 ; s commercial that plays every clip you blindly surf the telecasting channels are all about image. The commercial that is shown the most, characteristics Grant Hill imbibing a Sprite. While they province in the back unit of ammunition and print on the screen, # 8220 ; Thirst Is Everything, Image Is Nothing # 8221 ; . When I foremost saw this I was believing, # 8220 ; cool a great drink that anyone can hold and non look out of topographic point # 8221 ; . But the more I thought about it and saw the commercial clip and clip once more a couple things stuck in my caput. First of all that merely two words are emphasized, and are in all caps on the commercial. Know which 1s? Yeah you got it THIRST and IMAGE, for the ground that these are the two that they want you to retrieve. Thirst so that when you # 8217 ; re thirsty you # 8217 ; ll believe of Sprite as the lone 1 that can acquire the occupation done. Again traveling back to your demands , and doing you believe that Sprite is a necessity for your endurance. And Image so you know you’ll look good while you’re imbibing it, but isn’t this traveling against the â€Å"Image is nothing† ? I thought it was, so I watched it once more, and I noticed something else, when they say those two words on telecasting they increase in the volume, to stress them once more more than all the others. But it doesn’t terminal here they still have Hill in the commercial toss offing a 20 oz. after what we believe to be the hardest game of his life. Why you ask, because he is spose to be the mean hoops participant, on any given twenty-four hours. But if this were true, and he was an mean participant, so we would wholly be on a pro squad doing more money than we can number. But this isn’t true so we merely imbibe it with the hopes that if it helped Hill it can assist us excessively. The commercial attempts to play towards our maleness, harmonizing to the definition supplied by Diane Barthel. She says that advertizers use # 8220 ; power/ precision/ performance/ tallies as a subject throughout advertisement to work forces # 8221 ; ( p.123 ) . Now who could deny that Grant Hill is a show of this, full if non the perfect illustrations. But why would Sprite usage this catchy phrase if what they wanted to state what about the exact antonym. That image is everything ; good the lone ground I came up with was that they wanted to play to one of your necessities. You have to imbibe to last, if non we all know what happens, we would shrivel up and decease. But if they can do us believe, if merely for a 2nd, that we can fulfill that demand better over any other drink with Sprite, and that in kernel we have to hold some in order to last. Then advertizers have earned their money, because so I can # 8217 ; t possible think of a ground non to travel out and purchase some. Sprite has been around for many old ages and will go on to be merely by coming up with these tricky and clever commercials to sell their merchandise. Coming up with different ways to play to our demand to be excepted in a higher group, to last or our desire to experience dominance above others. But if the lone manner they have to travel about this is to pass 1000000s in fancy commercial to state us things that we don # 8217 ; t even recognize at first. Then we should be seeing a clump more of flashy and artless ways to do us desire things being shown between our favourite shows. All of them are demoing us a better life with a # 8220 ; sprite # 8221 ; or any other merchandise they might be selling. And even if this lone gets through to a fraction of the people, their occupation is done. Because that fraction is still 100s of 1000s of people purchasing their merchandise.

Monday, March 9, 2020

Lesson Plan 2 Essays - Learning, Human Behavior, Education, Grammar

Lesson Plan 2 Essays - Learning, Human Behavior, Education, Grammar Age: Kindergarten Subject: Reading Topic : 5 W's Time + Pacing Central Focus of Lesson: At the end of the lesson, students should feel comfortable answering the 5 W (Who, What, When, Where, Why) questions about a book. Part 2: Content Objectives Answer questions about a story with prompting. Make predictions about what will happen in a story using reasoning and illustrations. Differentiate between the 5 W's (who, what, when, where, and why) when answering questions Name the things that a story needs (5W's). Key Vocabulary Who What When Where Why Prior Academic Learning and Prerequisite Skills: Students should have some prior experience with the 5 W's. Students will be using reasoning and clues from illustrations to make predictions about what will happen in a story. They will also be using prior knowledge and experiences to create a new scene for the book. Students should also have a prior knowledge of how to use art supplies such as markers, colored pencils, or crayons. Materials Needed Blank Paper (one for each child) Markers, colored pencils, or crayons "Pete the Cat: Trick or Pete" by James Dean. Board Projector Back Up Plan: If this lesson does not take place near Halloween, a different book can be chosen. Part 3: Lesson Introduction Gather the children in a group and explain that they are going to be learning about the 5 W's. Ask them to listen carefully to the video/song for the 5 things that a story needs. 5 min Introduction of New Information Play video: HYPERLINK "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXWK1-L41f0t=25s" \o "The Five W's Song | Scratch Garden" The Five W's Song | Scratch Garden After the video ends, ask the children what the 5 things a story needs. If they are having trouble with this, then play the song again Using the information from the song, the children should be able to come up with the 5 question words. When the children say each of the words, write them on the board (Who, What, When, Where, Why). 5 min Learning Activities Tell the children that we are going to be reading a story. Read "Pete the Cat: Trick or Pete" by James Dean. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WWcLKeBIXI) While reading this story, take time to ask questions. Have the children answer these questions. They will be using clues about what they know happens on Halloween and clues from the illustrations to make predictions. Examples: On the first page: What do you think is going to be behind the flap by the moon? On the third page: What do you think is going to be in the tree? On the fifth page: What do you think is going to be in the yard? After the story is finished, begin to ask comprehension questions and write what the children say on the board. First, ask the children if each of the question words on the board were answered in the story. Then begin to ask more specific questions. Examples: Who was this story about? After children answer this question with "Pete the Cat" prompt them to give more characters such as Callie and Pete's dad. This can be done using a question like: Was there anyone else in this story? What was Pete the Cat doing? After the children answer "trick-or-treating" ask other what questions like: What were some things that Pete saw while he was trick or treating? What was Pete the Cat dressed up as? Where was Pete the Cat? This question may be difficult for students, so if they are having difficulty, prompt them using follow up questions like: Was he outside or inside? Where do you normally go trick or treating? When is Pete the Cat going trick or treating? The children will probably answer this question with Halloween, so prompt them to think about the time of day also. This can be done by asking questions like: When do you normally go trick or treating? Is it light or dark out? In the pictures, is the sky light or dark? Why do you think that Pete the Cat is scared? This question requires the children to think outside of things that happened in the story, so it may take more prompting. They must think of things that make them scared in their own life to come up with some reasons that he could be scared. Questions to prompt them include: Do you think the dark is scary? Are some people's costumes on Halloween really scary? 20 min (time can

Friday, February 21, 2020

First-hand experience of developing a market entry and a product Assignment

First-hand experience of developing a market entry and a product launch strategy for an international market - Assignment Example Launching a new effective pharmaceutical drug will take much time due to a long process of clinical trials. Moreover, for any Mexican company it will be difficult to enter the competition with other Latin American and North American pharmaceutical companies on equal positions. So it is possible to concentrate on cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals, the sectors of pharmaceuticals, which have not been universally recognized yet but are extremely promising. Cosmeceuticals incorporates cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and produces cosmetic products (lotions, creams) with biologically active ingredients, such as anti-oxidants, peptides, enzymes, that can be medically beneficial to humans. There also exist pharmaceutical technology companies, which have special subdivisions specializing in cosmeceuticals. Nutraceuticals is a blend of nutrition and pharmaceutical implying products which give certain therapeutic effect and can potentially aid in diseases treatment or prevention (Kalra 1). Such pr oducts as dietary supplements and functional food are usually referred to nutraceuticals. In Latin America the market of â€Å"healthy ingredients† is developed on the retailer levels. Plants, leaves, roots, seeds are popular among locals as they are perceived as ethnic and natural. Local home-made oils, powders, and extracts from these valuable plants are also demanded due to their easy access and low price (Lajolo 2). The products that would be optimal to launch can be dietary supplements received from local Latin American plants, such as asai, guava, camu-camu and others, which are not recognized in the world but are well-known to the regional consumers (Lajolo 3). All these plants are not examined thoroughly but even preliminary research suggests that they have huge potential. Certain subdivision of pharmaceutical company can arrange scientific research and manufacture of these products. Among the variety of dietary supplements I would advise to dwell on

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Earned Value Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Earned Value Management - Essay Example It compares the work finished with the estimates made at the beginning of the project, which gives a measure of how far the project is from being finished. Inferring from the amount of work already put into the project, a project manager can get reasonable prediction as to how much resources the project will have used at completion. EVM was used in the 1800s as industrial engineers looked for ways to measure performance in factories. The United Stated Department of Defense (DOD), in the 1960s, employed the Cost/Schedule Control System Criteria (C/SCSC) which is now referred to as the Earned Value Management System (EVMS), a recognized function of program management, which ensures that technical, cost, schedule, and aspects of a contract are truly integrated. The DOD used the C/SCSC cost system simply because their contractors ran over budget, lag behind schedule, had no ability to guesstimate an acceptable cause-effect relationship of how cost, schedule or scope impacted multiple and simultaneous projects. As a result, the government requested that contractors were no longer permitted to forecast costs by subtracting project actual costs from the original budget. With the EVMS, which includes organized components of the project's schedule, budget estimate and scope of work, project's forecast costs at completio n of project are more accurately determined (Warhoe, 2004). However, after nearly four decades, EVM clearly has not achieved its actual or perceived potential. Of the innumerable projects, less than 1% use the EVM application. One reason suggested in literature for the low usage of EVM and procurement is the contract type selection bias toward cost-reimbursable (CR) contracts. Literature review addressing EVM and procurement, indicate that there are mixed beliefs on contract type selection (Marshall, 2005). Conventional use of EVM with CR contracts, were limited to large United States government departments such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Today NASA employs EVM to support President Bush's Management Agenda specifically to improve competitive sourcing by providing better historical performance data; to enhance financial performance by helping measurement of performance against the budget; and to advance NASA budget and performance integration by integrating management of technical requirements, schedule, and budget risks. In contrast, many project practitioners, experts and literature reviews argue in support of using fixed price (FP) contracts. Kelvin Yu described how EVM was effectively used with a FP contract to renovate a wind tunnel operated by NASA. For instance, Yu utilized EVM in defining the project scope, developing negotiating tools such as "should cost estimate", and directing and integrating the actual work of multiple contractors working on a project. Quentin Fleming and Joel Koppleman agree because both have noted the efficiency and effectiveness of EVM with FP contracts. Authors are suggesting the use EVM with FP contracts and provide sound rationale for their beliefs and claims. They made a good case for continuous use of FP (Marshall, 2005). For those such as Karen Evans, an Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Administrator of e-government and Information Technology, who testified last spring before the House Government Reform Committee, EVM has not been of much service. Her complaint

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Personality In International Relations

Personality In International Relations This essay will explore the extent to which the personality traits of a decision maker impact upon his foreign policies. It will not argue that such idiosyncratic variables alone are the exclusive determinants, but that they have a significant role to play. As political scientist James Barber remarked, Every story of decision making is really two stories: an outer one in which a rational man calculates and an inner one in which an emotional man feels. The two are forever connected (quoted in Brewer, 1992, p.149). Foreign policy decision making is an outcome of how individuals with power perceive and analyse events. Political leaders are not beyond the reach of the human traits of assumptions, subjectivity, prejudices and biases. Their underlying beliefs and motivations will have a bearing upon the conclusions they reach. Culture, geography, history, ideology, and self-conceptions shape the thought process of a decision maker, forming what has been referred to as the psycho-socio mili eu of decision-making (Sprouts, 1965). The foreign policy decisions of Harry Truman, Saddam Hussein and Charles de Gaulle will be used as case studies to demonstrate how personality can affect the formulation and implementation of foreign policy, whilst also providing the opportunity to show the differing extents to which such traits have occasion to make an impact, due to situational factors such as in a crisis or in non-democratic regimes. This essay will conclude that the influence of individual personality traits is most evident in the foreign policies of persons in unrestricted positions of authority, and in crisis situations. In democracies, during non-critical times, the extent to which the leaders personality influences decision making varies according to his relative passive/aggressive nature. Dominant leaders will seek to reshape the international political system in accordance with their own personal vision, resulting in tenacious foreign policies through which they attem pt to advance a central idea, whilst maintenance of the status quo can be attributed more to low-dominance, introvert individuals, seeking to power-share and delegate decision making (Etheredge, 1978). The effects of personality on decision making are difficult to quantify. Interpersonal generalisation theory suggests that behavioural differences in interpersonal situations have some correlation to behavioural differences in international situations, for example, a relationship between self-assertiveness/dominance, and willingness to resort to military action (Etheredge, 1978). However, it would be naive and over-simplified to state that certain personality traits of a decision maker lead a country to war; instead they can be seen as tipping the balance towards or against a certain policy, because, put succinctly, some leaders are willing to gamble the destiny of their people in a war; others are not (Ali Musallam, 1996, p.5) It is also important to take into consideration the extent to which individual traits can be separated from role-playing. Decision makers may act how they perceive a leader in their society is expected to act, taking role-appropriate decisions which are not ne cessarily in line with their personal nature. No individual can know all the relevant factors when making a decision, thus each individuals perception of reality will be different from reality. This incongruence between the psychological and operational environments permits filters, such as the past experiences of leaders, to shape decision making. It has been argued that there is strong, robust evidence that most human choice is preconscious and strongly and quickly influenced by emotiondespite their expertise, foreign policy makers are no less biased than other people (Gross Stein, 2008, p.113). Core beliefs are held to be true even if they cannot be verified, providing the foundation of myths and ideologies; efforts to challenge them are met with hostility. The phenomenon of cognitive dissonance enables even the most intelligent of human minds to resist and deny important, uncomfortable aspects of reality. Human psychological make-up limits rationality, having a need for simplicity. In the processing and analysing of complex information, we break down information and choose how we want to interpret it. When analysing the influence of personality upon foreign policy, it is important to emphasise that the differing political environments surrounding leaders will naturally create highly variable boundaries within which they have the freedom to operate. It is a given that a dictator in an authoritarian regime has much greater, unconditional, unaccountable power to create policies suiting his personal interests, than the leader of a democracy. Within a democracy, the head of government is obliged, to some extent, to take into consideration the opinions of other authorities and experts, and must especially consult the Foreign Minister with regard to foreign policy. However, ultimately, the final decision does lie with the leader, and he does possess the power to override other opinion if he wishes. Leaders of governments can also have the advantage of hand-selecting those who they put into positions of power. A leader is likely to choose key advisors who share his core beliefs and he con siders to be generally cooperative, creating an environment in which groupthink has the potential to flourish. Political leaders in democracies should, theoretically, and sometimes in practise, reflect the attitudes and core values of their citizens. Having been through the same socialisation process and sharing the same core cultural values as his citizens, the democratic leader can be seen as an embodiment of societal character. Decision making is an institutionalised process, in which personality factors merge with cultural background factors and can often be explained in more generalisable group terms (Cerny, 1980, p.13). The mood of society sets broad boundaries around the theoretical foreign policy alternatives of decision makers. However, it has been alleged that, beyond academic elites in foreign affairs, there exists a lack of public interest in foreign policy; seemly too distant and irrelevant compared to domestic issues. It is argued that the general public is ill-informed and unstable, prone to changes in opinionat worst [they] possess non-attitudes with respect to international p olitics (Robinson, 2008, p.139). This gives the government greater freedom of movement than in formation and implementation of domestic policies, and hence greater scope for domination by significant personalities and ideologies. Nonetheless, it could also be argued that this apparent apathy is now declining due technological, transportation and communications revolutions which enable foreign affairs to be brought much closer to the daily lives of ordinary people. Personality can impact to differing extents on the formulation and implementation of foreign policy. Whilst a policy can be formulated, within the relative situational and bureaucratic restraints, to the particular personal liking of a leader and his colleagues, the implementation stage, translating foreign policy objectives into practise and desired outcomes, is more complex. Attempts to implement a policy can come into conflict with the objectives of other actors and the environment, as the boundary between decision makers and the outside world is crossed. It is true that orders may be easily issued, but that is only the beginning of the process of attempting to achieve ones goalsfor all kinds of statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [because] leaders rely on sub-contracting to bureaucratic agents, some of whom may take the opportunity to slow down or undermine the policy, or even to run their own policies in competition (BrighiHill, 2008, pp.130-4). Foreign policy is not self-executing, and requi res resources, support or mobilisation of the public, and some political consensus, particularly in a democracy. The more charismatic, persuasive and motivational the leader, the greater his chances of overcoming such opposition. This task is made particularly easy in authoritarian regimes such as North Korea, where the media is subject to state control. A leader can gain public support for his policy through the strategic use of propaganda, promoting both his greatness as a decision maker, and that of the policy. President Truman provides an interesting example of a decision maker in a democracy acting under crisis conditions. In the turbulent international conditions of the closure of WWII, he was thrust into power, following the sudden death of President Roosevelt. It was President Truman who took the historical, controversial decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It would be difficult to argue that, under the power of a different presidential personality, the US would definitely not have taken this dramatic course of action. However, a number of factors related to Trumans personality and previous experiences can be linked to his ultimate decision to drop the bomb. The first Truman had heard of the atomic bomb came after his inauguration. This bomb changed the nature of warfare to a degree that is difficult to comprehend. With such little time to absorb such information, having fought as an artillery officer in WWI, it is possible that Truman may have thought about the atomic bomb as [simply] a largerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦explosive than the ones he fired in Europe (Strong, 2005, p.15). Its radical scale of destruction was close to incomprehensible. A self-confessed amateur in foreign policy, in the shadow of Roosevelt, he wanted to establish himself. He was an active decision maker, preferring to do something rather than nothing, who enjoyed his presidential powers, and preferred not to delegate authority, believing that the President makes foreign policy (Frankel, 1963, p.21). A direct, pragmatic character, he was willing to be accountable for his decisions, proud of the signà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦on his desk announcing that the buck stops here' (Strong, 2005, p.18). Truman continued his presidency from the aftermath of WWII into the beginnings of the Cold War. Under the heightened tension of possibly imminent nuclear war, presidential power and responsibility was great; the presidents finger was, indeed, on the nuclear trigger (Fraser Murray, 2002, p.5). His conviction in the superiority of capitalism, the benefits to be gained from its adoption in other parts of the world, and the dangers outlined by Domino Theory, lead him to take a foreign policy of containment with regards to communism. In line with his military background, Truman adopted a confrontational attitude to USSR, what came to be known as the Iron Fist approach, partly in reaction to the previous Western failure of appeasement to stop Nazi expansionism. He was sceptical of all totalitarian states, claiming I dont care what you call them Nazi, Communist or Fascist-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they are all alike (Gaddis, 1982, p.66). To follow through with the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, Truman needed the support of Congress and the public, which he won using his popular, persuasive, extroverted personality. A supporter of the UN, Truman was a convinced internationalist, conscious that the United States should not repeat the isolationist errors of the 1920s (Fraser Murray, 2002, p.9). This helps explain why he followed such an interventionist foreign policy during his presidency. He was willing to place himself as leader of the free world, protecting and expanding his core beliefs in democracy and capitalism. In a dictatorship, foreign policy decisions lie almost solely in the hands of the leader; his decisions can be made without the accountability, checks and balances which exist in a democracy. In 1990, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein took the decision to invade neighbouring Kuwait. Arguably, the whole war [is] to be found in his psyche [and] insecurity (Hughes-Wilson, 1999, p.350). In the aftermath of the Iran-Iraq, the country was financially destitute. Recent acrimonious encounters with the West added to Husseins growing feeling of paranoia and desperation. Having bludgeoned his way to the top, Hussein was prepared to use any means possible to stay there (Ali Musallam, 1996, p.45). He had a need to live up to his own hard-line rhetoric, to avoid meeting the fate he had recently seen Romanian dictator Nicolae fall to. Saddam was devious, untrustworthy, greedy, ambitious[and] brokehis own people did have about three goes at assassinating him in the seven months before he invaded Kuwait, s o his paranoias of public rioting and coups were not unfounded (Hughes-Wilson, 1999, p.341). Saddam took Kuwaits refusal of a moratorium on its wartime loans, and refusal of other financial aid to Iraq, as a personal affront. Kuwait was incredibly rich in oil, and virtually defenceless, so to a personality like Saddam Hussein the temptation to solve his economic problems at a stroke must have been irresistible (Hughes-Wilson, 1999, p. 322). The invasion was symptomatic of the stereotypical qualities of a dictator. Aggressive, egotistical and unwilling to compromise, Hussein simply decided he would take what he wanted. His bloodthirsty, ruthless nature and readiness to resort to violence can be traced back to his childhood socialisation. Suffering the physical and psychological abuse of his stepfather, Hussein was raised in the hard world of the mountains, and mafia-like warlords and family clans that control them. Guns [were seen] as essential to a manit is alleged that Saddam had shot and killed his first man by the age of eleven (Hughes-Wilson, 1999, p. 314). This culture of casual violence influenced his beliefs in the harsh realities of the survival of the fittest. As a child, he would be sent to work in the fields whilst his stepbrothers would be allowed to go to school, aiding the development of his intense inferiority complex which would lead to his hunger for power and glory in later life (Ali Musallam, 1996). The former French President Charles de Gaulle was highly driven by his ideology and patriotism. He took a keen interest in foreign policy, and had the ultimate goal of restoring French historic cultural greatness on the international stage. De Gaulle came to power as a highly respected, charismatic military leader with great moral authority, often playing up to this image by making public appearances in military uniform. He obsessed over his legacy, wanting to be an inspiration for the generations of French citizens that would come after him; becoming a symbolic embodiment of how he perceived France. He was well aware of his own great personality and prestige, conscious of living his own biography, and often spoke of himself in the third person (Grosser, 1967, p.26). He assumed the role he believed a leader should take whilst in public, conforming to the perceived requirements of the title, whilst keeping his private life as detatched as possible. De Gaulles father, passionate about politics and history, was a professor who instilled his pride of France and her past into his son (de Gaulle, 1998). He considered all the actions he made by how they would mark history; less concerned with the criticisms made by those at the time of his action, and more by their judgement by future historians. Despite being a strong advocate of democracy, de Gaulle grew up in a royalist environment, and carried with him to adulthood its goals of continuity, leadership and an embodiment of the state, which were reflected in his politics. De Gaulles first Prime Minister was Michel Debrà ©, a devoted Gaullistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [who] could not refuse to do what his hero asked him to do (Thody, 1998, p.23). There was a certain unwillingness amongst de Gaulles advisors to disagree with their charismatic leader; he encouraged an environment of groupthink by surrounding himself with people of a similar view point. This was the perfect occasion for his perso nality to strongly influence the direction of French foreign policy. Possessing a certain distrust of diplomatic personnel, there is no doubt that it is General de Gaulle himself who makes the decisions on foreign policy issues (Grosser, 1967, p.13). A strong believer in intuition, if he felt a decision was right for France, he would take it. De Gaulles foreign policy was farsighted in that it was based upon his image of a post cold-war world, in which the mature nations of the old world and the newly independent states of the Third World would act to counterbalance theà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦hegemony ofà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the US and the Soviet Union (Cerny, 1980, p.1). A born maverick, de Gaulle was not afraid to make his foreign policy disruptive of the world order. His self-perception was that of a guardian of national interest; he wanted to develop autonomy for his people by resisting the strength of the superpowers and exercising power inconsistent with his relatively limited resource capabilities, through manipulation of the international system; it would be fair to say that he had a taste for the impossible (Grosser, 1967, p.65). His policy of boycotting NATO and UN conferences was to oblige others to take greater account of France through absence than they do when she is obliged to join in decisions over which she can exert no decisive influence (Grosser, 1967, p.132). His doubts over the support of the US against Soviet invasion lead to his decision to develop a French nuclear deterrent, and to withdraw troops from NATO in 1966. He refused to accept that the two superpowers should be the sole possessors of nuclear power. De Gaulle strongly linked the notion of national security to independence, the intertwining of diplomatic and military strength, which can be explained by his military background. It would appear that the personal style of the General gives its special shape to a policy whichà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦corresponds to French desiresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it is a policy that dares to take risks, to gamble for high stakes, to court failure rather than resigning itself to mediocrity and timidity (Grosser, 1967, p.xi). De Gaulle symbolically rejected Britains entry into the ECC, fearing it would upset the Franco-German leadership. He saw Britain as a Trojan Horse for America to gain greater influence in Europe, a nd was so strong in his beliefs he dared to take a stance against the other five ECC members; it isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦unlikely that any French politician other than de Gaulle would have vetoed Great Britains attempt to join the ECC (Thody, 1998, p.29). This essay has shown that the role of personality in the formulation and implementation is variable. The more critical a situation is perceived to be, the fewer people will be directly involved in its management, and so there is a greater likeliness that their conclusions and actions will reflect their own personal beliefs, attitudes and interests. Despite institutional constraints, the political leader has a significant influence over decision making, particularly when national security is seen to be at stake, or when policy can be formed relatively secretly. Even in non-crisis situations, a political leader has the potential to exercise power and thereby impose his preferences on policy. The extent to which he does so depend[s] on his own values, beliefs, background and personality (Brewer, 1992, p.160). Every person in a position of power brings personal experiences, values, preconceptions and emotions to their decision making, although some will allow bureaucracy and the power-sh aring nature of democracy to counter and balance these idiosyncrasies. Ultimately, the personality of a leader has the most influence in unaccountable, dictatorial regimes, often due to the climate of fear surrounding their unlimited powers. However, even a dictator cannot continuously take whichever foreign policy actions he pleases without some eventual restraints posed by resources, the international community, uprising of his own people or a coup.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Abortion and the Privacy Amendment Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive T

Abortion and the Privacy Amendment A U.S. citizen's "right to privacy" was first discussed in an 1890 Harvard Law Review article in which two Boston lawyers, Louis Brandeis and Samuel Warren, defined it as "the right to be let alone." Since then, the right to privacy has provided the basis for a stream of revolutionary and controversial constitutional interpretations by courts across the United States, culminating in the U.S. Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade decision in 1973. Although decisions have come down in favor of a right to privacy, they are largely based on a broad and disputed interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment. With the plethora of privacy issues that confront courts and policymakers in the current information age, the time for an amendment specifying the inalienable right to privacy is quickly approaching. Despite all the social, medical and religious undertones in the abortion debate, the Roe v. Wade opinion, written by Justice Harry Blackmun, has stood for twenty-four years on the basis that the right to choose an abortion is part of a woman's "right to personal privacy," a right that Blackmun stated is "founded in the Fourteenth Amendment's concept of personal liberty and restrictions upon state action." However, some contest that the Fourteenth Amendment does not strongly identify an inalienable right to privacy as a constitutional right. Justice Rehnquist, in the dissenting 1973 opinion, wrote, "the Court necessarily has had to find within the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment a right that was apparently completely un-known to the drafters of the Amendment." For this rea-son, some scholars, as well as members of the current Court, consider Roe v. Wade a fragile decision that ... ...s is a person. This would not be an abortion amendment. Instead, it would protect citizens from intrusions into all parts of their lives. Technology and computers have opened people's file cabinets and family photo albums, and the information revolution has just begun to reinvent the world. The privacy amendment could protect celebrities from an over-zealous press and individual citizens from governmental gene records or medical record banks. It could allow the courts to decide what information can be released for the public good, and it could allow the future issues of privacy to be solved with respect to personal rights. Without an amendment, the United States could become increasingly dependent on a questionable interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment, leaving citizens standing naked under the beam of a roaming technology spotlight.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Religion. My Trip to the Mosque Essay

1. Did the exterior of the worship facility add to the overall religious feeling of the visit? Describe your first impression as you pulled up to the building. Did the architecture lend itself to worship? Add specific details to support your answer. I always said I would visit a mosque one day. I live in a high Muslim community and have always been invited to go with one of my peers. The exterior of the building was designed right out of what I would describe as old time desert days. The building had domes that came to a peak sort of like an ice cream on top of a cone. My first impression was that this was surely a design that was distinctive from the other buildings of worship like Christian, Baptist, and Catholic churches, or even halls for Jehovah Witnesses. As I came closer to the doors I felt overwhelmed by the actual size of the building but inside looked much like home. Inside it was simple, there were restrooms, and places for women to tend children, many windows, Qurans, and a large drape right down the middle separating carpeted space one side for men and one side for women. 2. Describe the nature of the worship facility service you saw. This will probably be the longest section of the report, so be as thorough as possible. For example, what was the overall religious program? What was the theme of the message for that day? Were there any rituals that struck you as different from your own? Elaborate Once service started I wasn’t sure what to expect. Before we were able to sit in the service we first had to wash our feet and hands. There were no programs but there were men who help sort of like the â€Å"mc† over the crowd. Service started with a prayer in which nearly everyone except me knew. Although I tried my hardest to keep my eyes close during the prayer for the sake of this paper and my curiosity I open my eyes to see all except a few small boys not speaking aloud the prayer. During this prayer everyone is in the position on his or her hands in knee as to sort of like submit while during the prayer. Once the prayer was over we resumed position on our  knees. Next was the message, I could not help but notice that there was no women in our section, instead through I barely visible colorful sheet the women were in their own service and prayer. The message today wasn’t really a message at all but instead a teaching of the Quran. Before the reading of the text spare Qurans were passed around to members who wanted one. I opted to take one only to find out the entire book was written in another language. During the reading the text was read as is in the language was written in, and later after the reading translated for others. The text he spoke about interesting enough was about Jesus and his actual role Muslims believe he played. Although Christian believe Jesus played a huge role, Muslims believe that not only is he not the Child of God but just another of God prophets. I also learned that they believe that Jesus did not do many of the healing described in the Bible. Accompanied with scriptures I cannot read nor remember Muslims also believe their text to be older and more accurate than that of the Bible. The only ritual that I think struck me is the fact that women were not able to congregate with us instead they were behind the curtain. I would later find out the reason. The washing of hand in feet were different for me and me being conscience of my feet I felt a little uneasy about the situation. 3. What was your overall reaction to the service? Was it positive or negative? Did any members of the congregation talk to you, and if they did, what was the nature of the conversation? My overall reaction was interested I would say. I had a positive experience and a lot of people approached me after the service about my inquiry of Islam. I was told I came during a good sermon and they hoped I learned from the experience, if I was coming back and also what I thought about the whole thing. I told them I like the experience and I was honestly doing this for a class and that my interest peaked most when I actually walked inside the building. I asked about the curtain and was kind of token back with the answer. I was told that the curtain is used to hide the women during the service. Because women are appealing to the eye it is sometimes hard to concentrate on worship and this simply isn’t tolerated. I could see the point of view about a â€Å"time and place for everything† but I think if a  person will is that of a higher being one would not engage in deeds. I also notice that after, women mingled amongst each other, but younger women and kids mingled amongst each other. I also asked a guy why made him follow this religion, and he told me culturally where his parents are from this is like tradition. Similar to religion and myself being passed down he had experience the same thing. He also mentioned that although he was sort of given this religion he believe in it whole-heartedly. He said that many of the other religions text had been altered many times and the Quran the last standing oldest religious text was untampered.